The Shard - Notes (may be errors) : Architect - Renzo Piano. Contractor: MACE.
Total Cost of Entire Project = £1.5 Billion.
More than 300m tall. Highest building in Western Europe.
4 years to build.
More than 1500 construction workers.
12,000 approx tonnes of steel frame. 50,000 approx m3 of concrete.
95 Storeys in total.
25 Floors of Offices.
22 Floors of a Hotel Complex, Spa & Restaurants.
13 Storeys of Luxury Apartments. 10s of millions of £s each.
Crowned with Steel Frame Spire. Supports a Pinnacle clad with shards of glass.
Construction Site = 5,000m2
Problem: Access restrictions. New building wedged in between adjacent buildings: Guy's Hospital (3/4 million patients a year). Other side: London Bridge Station.
Existing Office Block - 25 storeys - demolished. Demolition began May 2008. 25,000 tonnes of concrete and glass removed. Demolition floor by floor. 14,000 m3 approx of concrete and rubble removed in 1100 truck loads. At peak: 1 floor every week. Movement of soil could affect stability of adjacent buildings within 18m. Movement sensors installed on all nearby buildings. Monitored 24 hours a day. Trigger emergency alarm. Underground tunnel moved 15mm during excavation. Significant but within safe limits. Moved back 4mm after Shard completion. No disturbance to tube trains or passengers. After 8 months (Feb' 2009) excavators reach old reinforced concrete foundation 2m thick. Noise could be a disturbance to neighbours - use contained explosives to break up concrete. Use blast mats. Site clear after 14 months. 29 weeks to secure the foundations.
Site next to River Thames. Mini dam constructed to protect site and secure foundations. Fault: water seeped into dam. Fast setting grout inserted into gap to seal hole and stop water inflow. Perimeter of dam to take part of load of building. 120 Steel & Concrete piles to take main weight of building. Each pile can support 2400 tonnes. 54 m into the ground. Top of piles 13m below existing ground level. Untypical construction: Top Down Method. Unique for Core construction. Simultaneous construction. Basement & 1st 10 floors in parallel taken 4 weeks.
Largest ever continuous concrete pour in a commercial building in the UK. 36 hours. 700 truck loads of concrete. 150m3 an hour. Fans used to prevent overheating and cracking of concrete as it sets. 5500m3 of concrete poured.
Issues with use of cranes. At certain height used crane internally through lift shaft. Only one suspended in this way.
March 2011 - 50th Floor (180m above ground) - Difficult environmental conditions. High winds (41m per hour). Winds harder and colder (freezing). Construction continuous 24hrs a day.
11,000 tripled glazed panels, 3.5m x 1.5m wide, 300kg each. High risk at higher levels. Floor 35 = 143 panels, 6men took 71 hours to install. Toughened glass encased in aluminium.
Shield installed at high level to protect building during work.
12 hours for concrete floor slab to harden to walk on.
Hoists slow. High speed `Jump' lift system in core for transporting materials etc.
Engineers reduce sway of building. Hat truss controls movement.
Spire = 23 storey steel section. Steel girders.
12th September 2011. Steel starts arriving on site for the Spire. 100 lorries.
310m.
The Shard will redefine London Skyline.
http://www.structuremag.org/article.aspx?articleID=694
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